Machine for corner scarfing of billets



i 1951 J. P. VAN FOSSAN 2,552,827

MACHINE FOR CORNER SCARFING 0F BILLETS Filed May 22, 1946 s Sheets-Sheet 1 0 a 3% w 3 g, m Q 1 \a w Q a Q V w w Q Q Q l\ w. i g g g Q w w k t\ L l INVENTOR. J'AX R VAN FOSSAN BY I TOENE Y5 May 15', 1951 J. P. VAN FOssAN' 2,552,827

MACHINE F02 CORNER SCARF'ING 0s BILLETS INVENTOR. 7A) R VAN FOSSAN MA," M

ATTORNEYS I May 15, 1951 J. P. VAN FOSSAN MACHINE FOR CORNER SCARFING 0F BILLETS 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed May 22, 1946 INVENTOR. JAY I? VAN FOSS/IN May 15, 1951 MACHINE FOR Filed May 22, 1946 4e /5 I 45 ,2 /a I 45 ll a J. P. VAN FOSSAN CORNER SCARFING 0F BIT-LETS 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. .771 Y P VAN FOSSAN y -5, 1951 J. P. m FOSSAN 2,552,827

MACHINE FOR CORNER SCARFING 0F BILLETS Filed May 22, 1946 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 .INVENTOR. 7/1) P VA/V FOSS/1N y 1.951 J. P. VAN FOSSAN 2,552,827

MACHINE FOR CORNER SCARFING 0F BILLETS Filed May 22, 1946 v 6 sheetssheeb 6 INVENTOR. 7A) 7 VAN FOSS/4N BY 740% 1%; 770 P/VEYS Patented May 15, 195i umrso smrss PATENT OFFICE FOR CORNER SGARFING OF 'B ILLET S J y .Y n e san! Warren; Ohio, ass ner i Republic Steel; Corporation,- Cleveland. Ohio, a corporation orNew Jersey Application May 2;, 194e,seri 1 No. 671,644 6 Cl ims- (01 2661-23) The present invention relates generally to the art of shaping and forming metal and more particularly to a novelmethod of trimming billets and to novel billet trimming apparatus.

Despite the long-existing, insistent demand for greater time and labor-saving economies in billet trimming operations, no method or means satisfactorily meeting this demand has hitherto been evolved.

As a result of my discovery that billet trimming can be accomplished through the employment of heatin a particular manner, I haveaccomplished billet corner and edge brimming with the apparatus of this invention surprisingly more rapidly and economically than was heretofore possible. Furthermore, the present invention which is predicated upon this discovery has proven an unqualified success in every respect and immediately replaced other billet scarfing means in large scale commercial operations.

Briefly stated, billet scarflng in accordance with this invention is accomplished by applying flame and molten metal to the billet and by moving the heme along the billet and adding mol e me a th bi11et in t flemeae s e fin is accomplished, or by applying molten metal and flame to the same portionof the billet andmovi the flam along a a fins i a comp i h d sides of the billet near its upper edges where scar fing was required and, simultaneously, to small steel rods whose ends were close to these surfaces. The steel rods were quickly melted by the flames to the extent that suflicient molten.-

metalwas deposited upon the surface of the billet to accomplish local heating and cause flame scarfing to begin. As scarfing proceeded to; the

desired extent, the flames were moved along the billet at a rate sufiicient to effect the desired trimming but not to result in undue loss. of the metal of theybillet. The rods weremoved toward the billet from time to time when molten metal from that source was desired.

It is desirable, of course, that the fused metal be in sufiicientquantity, according to its specific heat value and that of the billet, to furnish an adequate supply of heat to the billet to reduce substantially the time requiredtoebring the.por-

@ tion of .thewbillet' first to be flame ,scaried to scarfing temperature. Generally, I prefer to use metal of substantially the same composition as the billet to minimize specific heat difference, and for the further reason that thereby the possibilityof, undesirable alloying or chemical action between the molten metal and billet will be minimized or avoided.

For reasons of efljciency and convenience I have carried out this flame scarflngprocess through the use of a gas flame. Other conveniently applied flames or sources of heat may, however, be used to obtain substantially identical results and such means are contemplated bythe appended claims and are within the purview of the pr se inv n ie Ihe apparatus which I have invented is especially suited to this gas flame scarfing because, unlike others, it comprises flame or support membe s wh re ca l of een e anddelivering gases to the burner elements. In the form in which the apparatus of this invention is depicted in the accompanying drawings, it is suited as is no other known apparatus for movement of gas flame producing apparatus a one the's r e eei a met Piece liehesle se billet in accordance with the foregoingldescrid tion. Referr' g to these drawings which'fo'r'rri a part oi this specification:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation view partly in section of one form of apparatus of the present invention situated in operating arrangement upon 'a .billet;

Fig 2 is a plan View of the apparatus of Fig. 1 with certain parts omitted.

Fig. 3 is a rear endview partly insection of the a pa atus e i e Fig. 4 a front end view partly in section of the apparatus of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a view in elevation and partly in sec- ;tion of a rod carrying assembly of theillustrated apparat s Fig. 6 isa side elevation view partly in section of another form of the present invention in operating arrangement on a billet Fig. 'zis a ia'ri'yiw of the apparatus of Fig. 6 wit Par tte Fig. 8 is a rar end View in elevation of the apparatus of Fig. 6.

The apparatus of Figs. 1 to 4 comprises in gen eral a Ll-shaped frame .I .havingfsupporun wheels :2 carried bywheelfyokes 3, and'de'p'e'nding armsfi, 5 and Shaving rollers 'i'sec'ured thereto near theirlowr ends. Frame 1 consists of three horizontally disposed ll 'shaped bular j a ment, and tie member II which extends horizontally between and joins opposed sides of the intermediate member 9 and underlies and proof side or vertical members l3 which are movably secured to the opposed sides of large frame member 8 and horizontally disposed member l4 which extends through the hub of wheel 2 and thus serves as an axle and is suitably secured at each end to members 3 and [3.

A wheel l5-having a threaded hub is screwed i3, the upper extremity of which extends into the opening of a T-fitting l6 secured'to' the large frame member 8. Two rigid metal ties li having openings at their ends through whichextend the upper ends of vertical members l3 are gripped at their ends between fittings l6 and the hubs of wheels l5 and extend horizontally across the frame paralleling the axle member I4, tying together members l3 in pairs.

Arm 4, which is suitably connected at its upper end to intermediate frame member 9 at a point about midwa'y between wheels 2, consists of an upper and lower section 4 and 4a; respectively, joined by a block l8 having a threaded transverse opening and being engaged threadwise with rod 19, which is provided with righthand threads at one end. Arms 5 and 6, which are likewise connected to the frame but at points on the opposite side of member 9 from member 4, are joined by horizontally disposed tubes 29 which are threaded into T-fittings 2| on the arms and welded at their other opposed ends to U-shaped clip 22.

This clip is engaged for movement with respect to the frame with lefthand threads on rod 19 V at its other end. Arms 5 and 6 are disposed substantially parallel to each other but do not par- .allel arm 4, the lower extremities of arms 5 and ii being disposed at a greater distance from the lower extremity of arm 4 than the distance separating the upper portion of arms 5 and 6 from arm 4.

Rollers I are suitably attached to the lower portions of said arms. In the illustrated apparatus the roller of arm 4 engages the billet at a point approximately midway between and substantially above the points of engagement with the billet of rollers of arms 5 and 6. The frame is thus supported in upright position on the billet and a torque is applied to the billet according to the imbalance of the frame. Also the frame comprising a pair of hangers 24 securedto the frame member I9 by T-fittings 25.

The hand wheel 23 is secured to rod l9 between the lower ends of the hangers to enable rotation of the rod by the wheel l5.

, An assembly comprising a gas conduit 28, Y- shaped air conduit 29, double valves 30 and single valve 3| in the conduits and small gas conduit 32, which bleeds the conduit 28 before the valve is joined with the frame by couplings 33 which engage the open ends of the tubular frame ele- 10. assembly through yokes 3 each of which consists 4 ments. Double valve 30 is of sleeve valve construction and is operated by a lever 34 to control the flow of gas and air through the conduits. Single valve 3| is of similar construction and is operated in a similar manner with a similar effect by movement of lever 35. The foregoing valve assembly is inclosedin housing 36. Gas conduit 32 is regulated by adjustable pilot lightscrew 31a of the push button lighter 37 situated near the end of that conduit nearest the frame.

Four burners 38 are arranged in pairs on each side 'of' wheels 2 and forward thereof in order that flames generated at the burners may impinge upon the topand sides of the billet and against the rods to be fused. These burners are supplied: with gas through four tubes 39 which V are joined; through valve couplings 49 with flexon the upper threaded portion of each member and are rigidly secured to the frame.

ible hoses M which are joined communicatively with'the large frame member 8, the gas carrying element of the frame. The burners are supplied with air under pressure through eight tubes42,

which are communicatively joined through valve couplings 43 and hoses 44 with the intermediate and small frame members 9 and I9. Four brackets 45 tie together each of the two air con} duits and single gas conduit leading to each burner and, in cooperation with arms 46 depending'from T-fittings '41 secured to frame member 9, maintain the burners in fixed relation to the frame.

Two pilot lights 48 situated near the nozzles of each pair of burners are supplied with gas through conduits 49 which are communicatively attached to the gas conduit 32. Each of these pilots is secured in fixed relation to a burner pair by means of a clamp 59 which rigidly ties conduit 49 to a conveniently located conduit com; municating with a burner.

Four additional air lines comprising tubes 5| deliver air in the vicinity of the burner flames as desired in accordance with adjustment of valves 52 in these tubes.

Fig. 5 shows one of the rod feeding assemblies which are mounted upon, and'supported directly by, the frame element 9. Each assembly includes a bracket 55 carrying blocks 56 in casingfil, lever 58 and a spring'mounted rod 59. Eachpair of assemblies is mounted on an upright member 69 and is connected to a T-shaped lever 6|; The upright members 60 are secured to the'frame at opposed'points on the sides of frame member 9 through T-shaped fittings 62 which are threaded for engagement with said upright members The construction of the severalassemblies will be clear from the following description of one of them. The lever 58 pivoted at pointA, engages spring mounted rod 59 at one end, and engages'a notch in lower block 56in housing 51.] Within blocks 56 knife-edged elements 63 are pressed upwardly by springs 64. Rod 59 is pivoted at its upper end to the end of one arm of the T of lever 6]. This lever is pivoted at point B where it is connected near the upper end of the upright member 69.. Thus rod 59 is movable with respect to the billet upon which the assembly is wheeled and with respect to the assembly by up and down movement of the lever 8| whichresultsin movement of the spring mounted rod 59, lever 58, blocks 56 and knife-edged elements 63, except that the latter elements are movable with respect to the rod only in an upward direction and therefore urge the rod downwardly with each downward stroke of handle 6|.

Propelling means 65 comprising ashaft andia handle. is. suitably attached as. bymeans of rivets to. an under member of theframesuch as mem--. ber 22.

In commercially using the, apparatus. of this invention as depicted, I dispose arm. 4 apart. from arms 5 and 6 adequately to accommodate the billet to be scarfed andplace the apparatus upon the billet with thewheels, 2 in contact with the top surface of, the billet. The arms, having. been adjusted outwardly preparatory to so mounting the apparatus, are brought, closer together by rotating wheel 23 until rollers 1 bear upon the sides of the billet. Using prOpelling means 65, I then, move the apparatus along the billetto bring the burners as close as, possible; totheportion to be scarfed, and, after suitably, adjusting. the position of the burners and the rods to be.

fused, to initiate scarfing, I ignite the burners. Adjustment of rods and burners, may conveniently be accomplished by rotating one.v or, more of wheels i5to raise, lower or tilt the frame, thus movingthe burners and rods relative to the billet. The rods alone may be adjusted relative to the frarneand also relative to the billet by manipulation of the above-described rod mounting assembly which operates to urge the rods downwardly toward the billet when lever 6 I 'is pumped vertically. As scarfing proceeds, I propel the apparatus along thebillet until scarfing has been satisfactorily accomplished, whereupon I extinguish the burner flames and remove the apparatus from the billetby reversing the processof adjusting arms 4, 5 and until rollers I do not bear against the side ofthe billet, and by lifting the apparatusfrom. contact through wheels; 2 with the billet.

Beds 54 may or may not be adjusted through the operation for fusion by urging them into the flames as rapidly as fusion {occursand the rods are consumed with resultant formation or deposition of pools of moltenrodmetal on the surface of the billet. I prefer, however, not to. apply molten metal to the billet by fusing these rods after scarfing is begun. In the initial stages of this scarfing operatiomas aforementioned, application of molten metal to the billet surface very materially hastens the flame trimming process.

Referring now to another formiiof apparatus of my invention and to Figs. 6, 7 and 8; it will be observed that the frame of this apparatus is non-tubular and that the stabilizing means are rigidly and unadjustably attached to thisframe. Other less apparent differences in the two. illustrated forms of this invention in the form and shape and the functions of their parts will be, apparent from the belowdisclosure.

The apparatus of Fig. 6 comprises a frame 66; two frame supporting wheels 61 carried by wheel yolres 88 attached to said frame, arms 69, 10 and 1 I depending from theframe and having rollers 12, i3 and M secured to their respective lower extremities, and means including conduits, valves and burners for delivering combustiblegases and oxygen to a portion of billet surface tobe'searfed.

Frame 65 comprises a substantially horizontally disposed rectangular shape made up of four bars 16 welded together. The frame is divided into two substantially square sections by bar I! which extends between and joins opposite sides of the frame.

Wheels 61, which are to run on thetop. surface of a billet, are mounted inline to track substantially to one side ofthe major axis or longitudinal centenline of theirame.andfi efifiuated attached to said bar and immovably fixed. with respect to frame, and horizontally disposed; tube: which, extends as an. axle through a central" opening in one of the wheels and is; securedat;

each end: to aforesaid vertical membersbyi means; Said bars 1.8 are welded to am end member of the frame. v

Arm- 69 is, welded at its upper; endto. theaedgei of the frame, at approximately themidpointpbertween the ends ofthat edge, and" extends out: wardly. and downwardly from said edges at: an angle of about 120 tothe frame. At a; point on? posite the lower portion of the wheels, the; arm: is bent inwardly so that its; lower extremity; is. approximately perpendicular to the frame. Arms: iii and II are likewiseconnected to the frame.,.bult at points along the other edge of the frame and? are bound togetherand braced by stringer 82s opposite ends of which are welded to said: arms. The points of engagement of these armslzwith: the frame are approximately equidistant from the midpoint of such edgeand are near; theends, of that edge. As illustrated these armsextendi, inwardly and downwardly from the frame atian; angle of about 60 thereto to a point oppositethe; lower portion of the wheels-wherethearinsare: bent to define an angle of approximatelyeo to the frame. In other words, the arms 'lfland l'i are substantially parallel to each other: Arms; 10 and H are not parallel to the billet sides and; arm 69 is not parallel to the billet sides, andjthe, upper ends of arms 10 andfll are-=closer-to-the' upper end of arm 69 than the lower ends of arms ill and H are to the lower end of arm 69-; A sec end stringer 83, which has one end; welded-to; arm 59 and the other end welded tothe midsece tion of stringer 82, binds together and braces arms is and fl! and arms 69. These stringers are" disposed substantially horizontally at a level just above the bottom of the wheels 61 to-cleartheQ top of the. billet. To the lower section of each of these, three arms rollers are suitably attachedqfl In the illustrated apparatus the roller of arm. 69 engages the billet at a point approximately midway between and substantially above the. points of engagement with the billet of rollers of arms l8 and II. The frame is thus supported in upright position on the billet according to the imbalance of the frame. Also the frame and; wheels are guided along the edge of the billet, whether that edge is straight or rather-tortuous, so long as the billet sides are substantially parallel at each and every point.

An assembly comprising a gas conduit fi t generally Y-shaped air conduit 85, doubleyalve 86; and single valve 81. is joined with the frameby two metal plates 88 which are weldedto an endi member of the frame and are bolted to housing 89 of the valves. Double valve 86 is of conventionat construction and is adjustable by lever 90 to corn trol the flow of gas and oxygen through the cone duits serving aforementioned burners Single valve 8'! is of similar constructionand is oper ated in similar manner and with-similar effect, 1. e. to control oxygen flow to theburners by movement, of lever 9i.

Two burners 92 are arranged on opposite sides; of the lead. wheel and forward thereof in prden that flames generated at the; burnersmay impinge onithe .top, the ,sidesor the 0 6. 61 of; the billet upon. which lithe. wh e s; run, but not :upcm the.

7 wheels .or other parts of the apparatus except the fusible rods hereinafter described. These burners are supplied with cutting oxygen through two tubes 93 and with preheat oxygen through two tubes 94 which are joined through valves 95 and flexible hoses 96 connected to aforementioned conduits and valves; The burners are supplied with natural gas through two tubes 91, which are communicatively joined by valves 98 and flexible hoses I to aforementioned conduits and valves. Each'of two brackets IOI.bind together thetwooxygen tubes and single gas tube leading to each burner, adjacent the burner, and in cooperation with one of arms I02 depending from T fittings suitably secured to the frame, maintain the burners in fixed but adjustable relation to the frame.

' 'Two additional oxygen lines I03, each comprisa tube I04 terminating adjacent nozzle of a burner and communicating with header I through regulating valve I06, secondary header I01 and flexible hose I03, deliver oxygen to the billet surface as required for scarfing upon suitable adjustment of valves.

- Through brackets I08 secured to rigid portions of tubes 93 and 9'I'the fusible rods and rod holders are secured in adjustable relation to the billet and the apparatus. As shown, there are two fusible rods I09 and rod assemblies carried by the apparatus, and the ends of these rods are disposed close to the ends of the burners so' as to be subject to the maximum flame temperature developed in the operation of the burners. There is thus a rod serving each burner. As the rods are consumed in the operation, they may be adjusted downwardly in the rod holder IIO to make more fusible material available to the burners by releasing the pressure retaining the rod in the holders. Said pressure is applied 7 or relieved bymovement of screws I I I. Actually the rod in this ilustration is medium gauge wire stock, but it may be heavier or lighter gauge or of bar stock, and may be of other material than steel or iron, as mentioned above.

The apparatus shown also includes two tubular horizontal members H2 which extend the length of the frame. One of which is secured to the frame through two T fittings I I3 which are welded to end members of the frame at points substantially above vertical wheel yoke members I9. The other is similarly attached by T fittings H4 to'bars I8 of the wheel yokes at points substantially above the said yoke members I9. Aforementioned arms I02 are secured to the frame through T fittings II5 carried in the forward end of the apparatus by said tubular members H2.

" Apparatus propelling means comprising a 1 handle H6 and a shaft II'I integral therewith, is

suitably attached to a stringer 83 as indicated in the drawings. The attachment is effected by looping the end of the shaft opposite the handle around said member so that the shaft tightly engages said member, and derives support therefrom.

In the use of the illustrated apparatus, it is suitably set upon a billet of width corresponding to the distance between the bearing surfaces of pelling means, I then move the apparatus along the billet and bring burners v92 to bear upon the portion of the billet surface to be scarfed. After suitablyadjusting the position of the burners and til'scarfing has been satisfactorily accomplished, whereupon I extinguish the burner flames, re-' movethe apparatus from the billet by simply lifting it therefrom.

The'rods may or may not be adjusted during the operation. By urging them into the flames as rapidly as fusion occurs and the rods are consumed, pools of molten rod metal are maintained on the surface of the billet. As in the above described use of the apparatus of Fig. 1, however, Iprefer to continue rod fusion and deposition of metal on the billet only until scarfing has been satisfactorily begun.

As illustrated in Figs. 3 and 8, the apparatus of this invention is balanced upon a billet" as a result of the torque which is applied to the billet through the depending arms and the rollers of the apparatus. In each of these instances the depending arm pair is attached to the heavier side of apparatus and the rollers of these arms contact the billet at points below thepoint of billet contact of the roller of the single depending arm attached to the other side of the apparatus. It will also be noted that the rollers are each disposed at a small angle to the billet and that the rollers on opposite sides of the billet are pitched oppositely so that the rollers are directed down- 7 wardly from the'arms toward the billet. Contact of the rollers with the billets, as shown, is along the edge of the rollers and, because of the pitch of the rollers the contact, is limited to a portion of the normal contact surface of each roller. 7

Although I have referred to air as one of the gases delivered to the burners, in the practice of this invention I prefer to employ oxygen. Other combustion supporting gases may, of course, be employed successfully and their use is contemplated by the appended claims.

As another gas, I have effectively used acetylene but contemplate the employment of natural gas, coke oven gas, propane and the like. Furthermore, I contemplate the use of liquids such as gasoline.

Routine modifications of the herein illustrated apparatus would, of course, be required to adapt it to this liquid fuel operation.

Because acetylene and metallic copper combine to form copper acetylide, a spontaneous explosive, under the conditions obtaining in my apparatus, I employ no copper in partsof my apparatus which would be exposedto acetylene in material amounts and concentrations, such as the conduits, valves and burner elements.

Having thus described my present invention so that others skilled in theart may be able to understand and practice the same, I state that what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is defined in what is claimed.

What is claimed is: V 1. A self-supporting billet scarfing device comprising a frame having wheels torun on an edge of a billet, arms'depending from said frame and extending downwardly, below said wheels and rollers carried rotatably by said arms below said wheels to bear against opposite sides of the billet,

ends. gas conduit --d isposed to direct flame upon 9 the surface of a billet, said frame being disposed substantially to one side of said wheels and said rollers being disposed to bear against the'billet at different levels to apply a torque to said billet.

2. A self-supporting billet scarfing device comprising a frame having wheels to run on an edge of a billet, arms depending from said frame and extending downwardly below said wheels, and rollers carried rotatably by said arms below said wheels tobear against opposite sides of the billet, and a gas conduit disposed to direct flame upon the surface of a billet, said device having its center of gravity to one side of said wheels, and said rollers being disposed to bear against the billet at different levels to apply a torque to said billet.

3. A self-supporting billet scarfing device comprising a frame having wheels to run on an edge of a billet, and a gas conduit disposed to direct flame on the surface of the billet, said frame being offset with respect to the wheels and having an arm depending from one side and two spaced arms depending from the other side, said arms extending downwardly below said wheels, and rollers rotatably carried by said arms below said wheels to engage opposite sides of the billet.

4. A self-supporting billet scarfing device comprising a frame having a pair of wheels spaced to run in line on the top of a billet, a pair of arms depending from one side of the frame between said wheels and extending below said wheels, disc-like rollers on said arms below the wheels to bear on one side of said billet in substantial horizontal alignment with each other, another arm depending from the other side of the frame between said wheels and extending below the wheels, a disc-like roller carried by said other arm below the wheels to bear against the other side of the billet between and substantially above the other two rollers, and a gas conduit disposed to direct flame upon a surface of the billet.

5. A self-supporting billet scarfing device comprising a frame having a pair of wheels spaced to run in line on the top of a billet, a pair of arms depending from the heavier side of the frame between said wheels and extending below said wheels, disc-like rollerson said arms below the wheels to bear on one side of said billet in subanother arm depending from the other side of the frame between said wheels and extending below the wheels, a disc-like roller carried by said other arm below the wheels to bear against the other side of the billet between and substantially above the other two rollers, said rollers all being inclined downwardly at a small angle toward the billet, and a gas conduit disposed to direct fiame upon a surface of the billet.

6. A self-supporting billet scarfing device comprising a frame having a pair of arms depending from one side and another arm depending from its other side, a gas conduit disposed to direct flame on a surface of a billet, and rotatable means for supporting the frame on the billet, said means consisting essentially of a pair of wheels rotatably carried underneath the frame spaced radially to run in line on top of said billet, a pair of disc-like rollers carried by said pair of arms between the wheels and below said wheels to bear on one side of the billet, and another disclike roller carried by the other arm to bear on the other side of the billet between said pair of rollers and spaced vertically from said roller pair.

JAY P. VAN FOSJSAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record. in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,172,933 Bucknam Feb. 22, 1916 1,882,417 Graham Oct. 11, 1932 2,018,259 Hartley Oct. 22, 1935 2,205,890 Nicholson et a1 June 25, 1940 2,270,242 Anderson Jan. 20, 1942 2,295,523 Bucknam et a1 Sept. 8, 1942 2,441,474 Dietrich May 11, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 474,033 Great Britain Oct. 21, 1937 OTHER REFERENCES Metals Handbook, 1939, pages 930-935 inclusive (pages 933, 934 relied upon), pub. by American Society for Metals, Cleveland, Ohio.

Oxy-Acetylene Handbook, 1943, pages 1.2, 438, pub. by Linde Air Products Co., New York. 

